gtrudГигиена труда и медицинская экологияOccupational Hygiene and Medical Ecology3106-5538Национальный центр гигиены труда и профессиональных заболеваний10.65491/1727-9712-2025-3-26-40gtrud-166Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРоль миграции в распространении ВИЧ и перспективы риск-ориентированного здравоохранения в КазахстанеThe role of migration in the spread of HIV and prospects for risk-oriented healthcare in KazakhstanКульбакаС. А.KulbakaS. А.

магистрант 1 курса  

Астана 

1st year master's student 

010000, Astana city, 49a Beibitshilik Street, e-mail: mail@amu.kz

departmentphandepidemiology@gmail.comТашметовК. К.TashmetovK. К.

020004, Акмолинская область, г.Кокшетау, ул.Кудайбердиева 27 А, e-mail: akmola-obl@nce.kz

020004, Akmola Region, Kokshetau city, 27A Kudaiberdiev Street, e-mail: akmola-obl@nce.kz

akmola-obl@nce.kzМусинаА. А.MusinaА. А.

Астана 

010000, Astana city, 49a Beibitshilik Street, e-mail: mail@amu.kz

mussina.a@amu.kzНАО «Медицинский университет Астана»КазахстанNC JSC "Astana Medical University"KazakhstanНациональный экспертный центр государственной экспертизы и контроля Министерства здравоохранения Республики КазахстанКазахстанNational Expert Center for State Expertise and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of KazakhstanKazakhstan202508102025032640Copyright © Кульбака С.А., Ташметов К.К., Мусина А.А., 20252025Кульбака С.А., Ташметов К.К., Мусина А.А.Kulbaka S.А., Tashmetov K.К., Musina А.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nauka.naoncgt.kz/jour/article/view/166

Миграция оказывает значительное влияние на распространение ВИЧ-инфекции. Согласно Докладу ЮНЕЙДС «О глобальной эпидемии СПИДа, 2022», в Восточной Европе и Центральной Азии отмечается рост числа новых случаев ВИЧ. К числу ключевых факторов распространения ВИЧ среди мигрантов относятся: низкая медицинская и правовая грамотность, дискриминация, отсутствие социальной поддержки и трудности с получением антиретровирусной терапии. Гармонизация законодательства между странами по вопросам ВИЧ-положительных мигрантов рассматривается как один из путей решения проблемы.

Migration has a significant impact on the spread of HIV. According to the UNAIDS Report “Global AIDS Update 2022”, there is an increase in the number of new HIV cases in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Key factors contributing to the spread of HIV among migrants include low levels of medical and legal literacy, discrimination, lack of social support, and difficulties in accessing antiretroviral therapy. Harmonizing legislation between countries regarding HIV-positive migrants is seen as one of the ways to address this issue.

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BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019 Mar 5;19(1):10. DOI: 10.1186/s12914-019-0189-3. PMID: 30832665; PMCID: PMC6399910. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30832665/Müllerschön J, Koschollek C, Santos-Hövener C, Kuehne A, MüllerNordhorn J, Bremer V. Impact of health insurance status among migrants from subSaharan Africa on access to health care and HIV testing in Germany: a participatory cross-sectional survey. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019 Mar 5;19(1):10. DOI: 10.1186/s12914-019-0189-3. PMID: 30832665; PMCID: PMC6399910. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30832665/Vignier N, Desgrées du Loû A, Pannetier J, Ravalihasy A, Gosselin A, Lert F, Lydié N, Bouchaud O, Dray Spira R; PARCOURS Study Group. Access to health insurance coverage among sub-Saharan African migrants living in France: Results of the ANRS-PARCOURS study. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 15;13(2): e0192916. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0192916. PMID: 29447257; PMCID: PMC5814022. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29447257/Vignier N, Desgrées du Loû A, Pannetier J, Ravalihasy A, Gosselin A, Lert F, Lydié N, Bouchaud O, Dray Spira R; PARCOURS Study Group. Access to health insurance coverage among sub-Saharan African migrants living in France: Results of the ANRS-PARCOURS study. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 15;13(2): e0192916. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0192916. PMID: 29447257; PMCID: PMC5814022. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29447257/Seedat F, Hargreaves S, Nellums LB, Ouyang J, Brown M, Friedland JS. How effective are approaches to migrant screening for infectious diseases in Europe? A systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;18(9): e259-e271. DOI: 10.1016/S1473- 3099(18)30117-8. Epub 2018 May 16. PMID: 29778396. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29778396/Seedat F, Hargreaves S, Nellums LB, Ouyang J, Brown M, Friedland JS. How effective are approaches to migrant screening for infectious diseases in Europe? A systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Sep;18(9): e259-e271. DOI: 10.1016/S1473- 3099(18)30117-8. Epub 2018 May 16. PMID: 29778396. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29778396/Sequeira-Aymar E, Cruz A, Serra-Burriel M, di Lollo X, Gonçalves AQ, Camps-Vilà L, Monclus-Gonzalez MM, Revuelta-Muñoz EM, Busquet-Solé N, Sarriegui-Domínguez S, Casellas A, Llorca MRD, Aguilar-Martín C, Jacques-Aviñó C, Hargreaves S, Requena-Mendez A; CRIBMI (IS-MiHealth) Working Group. Improving the detection of infectious diseases in at-risk migrants with an innovative integrated multi-infection screening digital decision support tool (IS-MiHealth) in primary care: a pilot cluster-randomized-controlled trial. J Travel Med. 2022 Nov 4;29(7): taab100. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab100. PMID: 34230959; PMCID: PMC9635062. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34230959/Sequeira-Aymar E, Cruz A, Serra-Burriel M, di Lollo X, Gonçalves AQ, Camps-Vilà L, Monclus-Gonzalez MM, Revuelta-Muñoz EM, Busquet-Solé N, Sarriegui-Domínguez S, Casellas A, Llorca MRD, Aguilar-Martín C, Jacques-Aviñó C, Hargreaves S, Requena-Mendez A; CRIBMI (IS-MiHealth) Working Group. Improving the detection of infectious diseases in at-risk migrants with an innovative integrated multi-infection screening digital decision support tool (IS-MiHealth) in primary care: a pilot cluster-randomized-controlled trial. J Travel Med. 2022 Nov 4;29(7): taab100. DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab100. PMID: 34230959; PMCID: PMC9635062. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34230959/Chemtob D, Rich R, Harel N, Averick N, Schwartzberg E, Yust I, Maayan S, Grotto I, Gamzu R. Ensuring HIV care to undocumented migrants in Israel: a publicprivate partnership case study. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2019 Nov 13;8(1):80. DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0350-4. PMID: 31722734; PMCID: PMC6854724. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722734/Chemtob D, Rich R, Harel N, Averick N, Schwartzberg E, Yust I, Maayan S, Grotto I, Gamzu R. Ensuring HIV care to undocumented migrants in Israel: a publicprivate partnership case study. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2019 Nov 13;8(1):80. DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0350-4. PMID: 31722734; PMCID: PMC6854724. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722734/Vignier N, Halley des Fontaines V, Billette de Villemeur A, CazenaveRoblot F, Hoen B, Chauvin F, Lepelletier D, Chidiac C, Billaud E. Public health issues and health rendezvous for migrants from conflict zones in Ukraine: A French practice guideline. Infect Dis Now. 2022 Jun;52(4):193-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022. 04.006. Epub 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35483634; PMCID: PMC9040487. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35483634/Vignier N, Halley des Fontaines V, Billette de Villemeur A, CazenaveRoblot F, Hoen B, Chauvin F, Lepelletier D, Chidiac C, Billaud E. Public health issues and health rendezvous for migrants from conflict zones in Ukraine: A French practice guideline. Infect Dis Now. 2022 Jun;52(4):193-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022. 04.006. Epub 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35483634; PMCID: PMC9040487. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35483634/Wild V, Dawson A. Migration: a core public health ethics issue. Public Health. 2018 May; 158:66-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.02.023. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29606282. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606282/Wild V, Dawson A. Migration: a core public health ethics issue. Public Health. 2018 May; 158:66-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.02.023. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29606282. Rezhim dostupa: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606282/Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 30 ноября 2022 года №961 «Об утверждении Концепции миграционной политики Республики Казахстан на 2023 - 2027 годы». Режим доступа: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000961Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 30 noyabrya 2022 goda №961 «Ob utverzhdenii Kontseptsii migratsionnoy politiki Respubliki Kazakhstan na 2023–2027 gody». https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000961

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.