gtrudГигиена труда и медицинская экологияOccupational Hygiene and Medical Ecology3106-5538Национальный центр гигиены труда и профессиональных заболеваний10.65491/3106-5538-2026-2-63-79gtrud-212Research ArticleПРОФПАТОЛОГИЯOCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGYПрофессиональный рак: глобальное бремя, основные канцерогены, проблемы диагностики и перспективы профилактикиOccupational cancer: global burden, major carcinogens, diagnostic challenges, and prevention prospectsАманбековнаА. У.AmanbekovaA. U.

д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник, НАО «Национальный центр гигиены труда и профессиональных заболеваний», профессор НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»

100017,  г.Караганда, ул.Мустафина 15

050004, г. Алматы, ул.Абылай Хана 51/53

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Freelance Occupational Pathologist of the Republic of Kazakhstan

100017, Karaganda, Mustafina str. 15

51/53 Abylai Khan St., Almaty 050004

amanbekova@mail.ruОтарбаеваМ. Б.OtarbayevaM. B.

100017,  г.Караганда, ул.Мустафина 15

100017, Karaganda, Mustafina str. 15

mb.otarbaeva103@mail.ruАлексеевА. В.AlexeyevA. V.

100017,  г.Караганда, ул.Мустафина 15

100017, Karaganda, Mustafina str. 15

alexeyev.ncgtpz@mail.ruГазизоваА. О.GazizovaA. O.

050004, г. Алматы, ул.Абылай Хана 51/53

51/53 Abylai Khan St., Almaty 050004

gazizova.a@metabody.kzНАО «Национальный центр гигиены труда и профессиональных заболеваний»; НУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»КазахстанNC JSC «National Centre Occupational Health and Diseases»; Educational Institution «Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University»KazakhstanНАО «Национальный центр гигиены труда и профессиональных заболеваний»КазахстанNC JSC «National Centre Occupational Health and Diseases»KazakhstanНУО «Казахстанско-Российский медицинский университет»КазахстанEducational Institution «Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University»Kazakhstan202618072026026379Copyright © Аманбековна А.У., Отарбаева М.Б., Алексеев А.В., Газизова А.О., 20262026Аманбековна А.У., Отарбаева М.Б., Алексеев А.В., Газизова А.О.Amanbekova A.U., Otarbayeva M.B., Alexeyev A.V., Gazizova A.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nauka.naoncgt.kz/jour/article/view/212

Профессиональный рак является одной из наиболее значимых проблем современной медицины труда и общественного здравоохранения. В статье обобщены современные данные о глобальном бремени профессионально обусловленных злокачественных новообразований, основных производственных канцерогенах, особенностях профессионального рака органов дыхания и международном опыте регистрации. Особое внимание уделено работникам горнодобывающей промышленности и проблеме недоучета профессионального рака в Казахстане. Рассмотрены критерии установления связи заболевания с профессией, латентные периоды, роль оксидативного стресса, иммунологических нарушений и молекулярных биомаркеров. Обоснована необходимость создания национального регистра профессионального рака и внедрения риск-ориентированного мониторинга работников канцерогенно опасных производств.

Occupational cancer remains one of the most important challenges in occupational health and public health. This review summarizes current evidence on the global burden of occupational malignancies, major workplace carcinogens, occupational respiratory cancer and international registration systems. Particular attention is paid to mining workers and the under-recognition of occupational cancer in Kazakhstan. The article discusses criteria for establishing occupational causality, latency periods, oxidetive stress, immune disturbances and molecular biomarkers. The need for a national occupational cancer registry and risk-based surveillance of workers exposed to occupational carcinogens is substantiated.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.