The review summarizes domestic and international literature published in 2016– 2026 on occupational sensorineural hearing loss. Epidemiology, pathogenesis including cochlear synaptopathy, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed. The regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed in comparison with the approaches of the Russian Federation. The need to update the national clinical protocol and to expand national research is substantiated.

An experimental study was conducted to assess the toxicological properties of the drilling fluid, including its general toxic, local irritant, and dermal-resorptive effects. Clinical and behavioral parameters, food and water consumption, body weight dynamics, relative weights of internal organs, and hematological and biochemical blood parameters were evaluated. The results obtained characterize the combined systemic and local toxic effects of the investigated drilling fluid.

Underground coal mining is a type of professional activity with a high level of exposure to harmful factors in the working environment and work process. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the role of occupational stress and emotional burnout syndrome in the development of health problems among coal mine workers. This article summarizes recent studies on occupational stress, burnout, and cardiovascular risks among underground coal miners.

The article presents the results of a study of afferent somatosensory pathways in 225 miners with vertebrogenic pathology of the lumbosacral spine. Electromyography and somatosensory evoked potentials revealed abnormalities in peripheral and central sensory conduction, which increased with the severity of pain syndrome. Long-term exposure to occupational factors was associated with dysfunction of somatosensory systems and central sensitization. Somatosensory evoked potentials may be used for objecttive assessment of the severity of vertebrogenic pain syndrome.

Transformation of the working environment and digitalization of healthcare require expansion of occupational health physicians’ competencies. Aim: to identify the main directions for developing new professional competencies. An analytical review of publications for 2020–2026 (PubMed, eLibrary, Cyberleninka) was conducted. Nine directions were identified: risk management, work psychophysiology, occupational safety auditing, Big Data, artificial intelligence, evidence-based medicine, genetics and early diagnosis, infectious risks, and working-life longevity. These competencies are necessary for the transition to a preventive model of workers’ health protection.

The influence of autonomic homeostasis on the cardiovascular system of residents of the Aral Sea region was investigated. The study included residents of cities located in the “disaster zone,” the “crisis zone,” and the “pre-crisis ecological zone.” The control group consisted of residents of the settlement of Atasu without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Individuals with prenosological conditions showed increased strain on central regulatory functions and a reduced functional measure of systolic blood volume (SV), accompanied by increased activity of the sympathetic (AMo) and parasympathetic (Mo, HF) divisions of the autonomic nervous system, as well as an elevated stress index (SI). These findings indicated the predominance of central regulatory mechanisms over autonomous mechanisms.

According to the study results, individuals with cardiovascular pathology showed a 1 mg increase in nickel accumulation. Sulfur dioxide accumulation was associated with a decrease in systolic blood volume, whereas increased copper levels were associated with an increase in stroke volume.