Occupational injuries are one of the important problems of public health and social protection. In Kazakhstan, over three thousand workers are killed or injured in industrial settings every year. In terms of economic sectors, the largest number of victims was observed in enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex and the construction sectors of the economy.

Modern global environmental changes are increasingly regarded as a complex of interrelated processes leading to a decline in the resilience of natural and socioecological systems. One of the most large-scale examples of anthropogenic ecosystem degradation is the Aral Sea crisis, the consequences of which extend far beyond the regional level.

This article analyzes the main trends of climate change in the Aral Sea region associated with the desiccation of the Aral Sea, transformation of the hydrological regime, and intensification of climatic aridization. Special attention is paid to contemporary climatic anomalies, the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, desertification processes, and their impacts on ecosystems and public health.

The results indicate that under ongoing global climate change, the Aral Sea region remains one of the most environmentally vulnerable territories of Central Asia, requiring integrated scientific assessment and sustainable management strategies.

The life expectancy of men of working age (15-59) in an industrial singleindustry town was 42.0 years, which is 1.2 years higher than in Russia. At the same time, the contribution of cancer mortality to demographic losses in single–industry towns was higher than in Russia - 10.4% and 6.7%, respectively, which indicates the need to monitor cancer mortality in single-industry towns for planning preventive measures.

The article discusses environmental and industrial risks caused by the activities of various industrial enterprises. It highlights the significant proportion of workers engaged in hazardous working conditions and the negative impact of polluted environments on public health. A comprehensive prevention model is proposed. The need for a specialized scientific and methodological center is substantiated.

The Aral Sea region is among the territories with the most pronounced and prolonged environmental distress, formed under the influence of natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors. Long-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions is accompanied by the development of chronic environmental stress and the formation of metabolic disorders in the population. This problem is of particular medical and social significance for women of reproductive age, whose health status determines the reproductive potential and demographic sustainability of the region. The article presents the results of an extended analysis of the biochemical status of women of reproductive age living under the conditions of the environmental crisis in the Aral Sea region. It is shown that chronic exposure to environmental risk factors leads to disturbances in protein and lipid metabolism, overstrain of detoxification systems, and the formation of prenosological conditions. The feasibility of using a complex of biochemical indicators in the system of preventive health monitoring of populations in environmentally disadvantaged areas is substantiated. 

Occupational morbidity remains one of the key medical and social problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan. An analysis of national statistical data and materials from specialized occupational health institutions for 2024 revealed the predominance of diseases associated with physical overstrain, exposure to industrial aerosols, and physical factors. International comparisons demonstrate a substantial lag of Kazakhstan in the registration of occupational diseases. The findings indicate the need to improve periodic medical examinations, expert assessment of the causal relationship between diseases and working conditions, and preventive occupational health measures.